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संकलन-व्यवकलनाभ्याम्

Saṅkalana-vyavakalanābhyāṃ

"By addition and subtraction"

What this sutra solves

Solve “mirror” systems — where x and y coefficients are swapped — with one addition and one subtraction.

A café sells two combos: 2 sandwiches + 3 coffees = ₹9, and 3 sandwiches + 2 coffees = ₹11. Find each price.

becomes2x+3y=92x+3y=9, 3x+2y=113x+2y=11

Add → x+y=4; subtract → x−y=2; so x = ₹3, y = ₹1.

Live Demo
Read the two equations

Two equations, two unknowns. Normally you would substitute and grind. But look at the coefficients first — that is where this sutra wins.

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Read the two equations

Two equations, two unknowns. Normally you would substitute and grind. But look at the coefficients first — that is where this sutra wins.

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⚡ Speed Advantage

Vedic
7 steps
Traditional
8 steps

See how few steps Vedic method needs!

Best for

  • Symmetric simultaneous equations

Use when

  • Equations of form ax+by=p and bx+ay=q

Avoid when

  • Non-symmetric systems

Intuition

Add the two equations to get one answer; subtract them to get another. Two equations → two answers in two steps.

Story Mode

The Mirror Equations

Some equation pairs are mirror images — swap x and y and you get the other. This symmetry is the key. Add the mirrors to find x+yx+y; subtract them to find xyx-y. Then arithmetic gives you each.

Vedic vs conventional

Conventional

6 algebraic steps.

Vedic

2 additions/subtractions + 2 divisions.

Symmetric equations solved in 2 steps instead of 6.

Applications

Symmetric simultaneous equations

Equations where swapping x and y gives the other equation.

2x+3y=92x+3y=9, 3x+2y=113x+2y=114x+3y=264x+3y=26, 3x+4y=233x+4y=23

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Adding when the pair should be subtracted

Wrong approach

For 2x+3y=92x+3y=9 and 3x+2y=113x+2y=11, using only addition gives x+yx+y but not xyx-y.

Correct approach

Use both operations: add the equations for x+yx+y, subtract them for xyx-y, then solve x and y.

Why this happens

💡 Students remember the addition part but skip the subtraction half of the method.

Forgetting to divide by the coefficient sum or difference

Wrong approach

Writing x+y=20x+y = 20 instead of x+y=20/(2+3)=4x+y = 20/(2+3) = 4.

Correct approach

After adding or subtracting, divide by the new combined coefficient.

Why this happens

💡 The symmetry makes the equations look simpler than they are, so the coefficient step gets skipped.

Why It Works

Use the symmetric pair:

ax+by=p,bx+ay=qax+by=p,\quad bx+ay=q

Add the equations:

(a+b)(x+y)=p+q(a+b)(x+y)=p+q

Subtract the equations:

(ab)(xy)=pq(a-b)(x-y)=p-q

Recover each variable:

x=(x+y)+(xy)2,y=(x+y)(xy)2x=\frac{(x+y)+(x-y)}{2},\quad y=\frac{(x+y)-(x-y)}{2}

If ax+by=p and bx+ay=q, then adding: (a+b)(x+y)=p+qx+y=(p+q)/(a+b)(a+b)(x+y)=p+q \to x+y=(p+q)/(a+b). Subtracting: (ab)(xy)=pqxy=(pq)/(ab)(a-b)(x-y)=p-q \to x-y=(p-q)/(a-b). Then x and y follow from x=(sum+diff)/2x=(sum+diff)/2.

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